DISEASE BURDEN
INDIVIDUALS WITH UNDERLYING CONDITIONS HAVE

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HIGHER RISK OF PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE1

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TIMES HIGHER RISK COMPARED TO NON-SMOKERS
TIMES HIGHER RISK COMPARED TO HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS
TIMES HIGHER RISK COMPARED TO HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS
TIMES HIGHER RISK COMPARED TO HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS
(INCLUDING ASTHMA AND COPD)
TIMES HIGHER RISK COMPARED TO HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS
TIMES HIGHER RISK COMPARED TO HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS
TIMES HIGHER RISK COMPARED TO HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS
INVASIVE PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE (IPD) IS A DANGEROUS CONDITION

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SEPSIS
(presence of bacteria in the bloodstream)

A life-threatening condition

Symptoms:

  • Fever
  • Chills
  • Confusion or altered mental status

Complications:

  • Limb amputation
  • 1 in 8 adults with pneumococcal sepsis dies from the infection

MENINGITIS
(infection of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord)

Symptoms:

  • Stiff neck
  • Fever and headache
  • Sensitivity to light
  • Confusion or altered consciousness
  • Vomiting, poor appetite
  • Fatigue

Complications:

  • 1 in 6 adults with pneumococcal meningitis dies from the infection
  • High risk of neurological impairment or hearing loss after recovery

INVASIVE PNEUMONIA
(lung infection with bacteria present in the blood)

Symptoms:9

  • Fever
  • Cough
  • Shortness of breath
  • Productive sputum
  • Pleuritic chest pain

Complications:10

  • 30-day mortality is significantly higher in patients with bacteremic pneumonia (28.6%) compared to non-bacteremic cases (8.5%)
  • Infection-related mortality is also higher in bacteremic pneumonia (19.5%) vs. non-bacteremic (4%)
INCREASED RISK OF PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTION IF YOU HAVE CONDITIONS: 3
Chronic conditions such as:

1 Diabetes

2 Chronic heart disease

3 Chronic kidney disease
(chronic renal failure or nephrotic syndrome)

4 Chronic lung disease
(COPD, asthma, emphysema)

Conditions such as:

5 Smoking

6 Alcoholism

Immune compromise due to:

7 HIV/AIDS

8 Organ transplant

9 Cancer

ECONOMIC BURDEN

due to pneumococcal pneumonia occur each year in the United States.4

AN ESTIMATED

was spent annually on the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in the U.S. between 1996 and 1998.5

higher: The healthcare costs for high-risk individuals with pneumonia compared to healthy individuals.6

Prevention For Adult

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Prevention 7,8
CONSULT WITH HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS

Preventing pneumococcal disease is supported by the following measures:7

  • Strengthening immune resistance through nutrition
  • Maintaining household and environmental hygiene
  • Quitting smoking and limiting alcohol usage
  • Reduce HIV transmission

Consult your doctor for effective preventive methods.

CDC recommends prevention for high-risk groups such as:8

Children under 5 years old

Adults over 50 years old

Adults with high-risk (19-49 years old)

RISK ASSESSMENT
QUESTION
Frequently Asked Questions

What is Invasive Pneumococcal Disease (IPD)?

Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is a serious infection caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae when the bacteria invade normally sterile areas of the body, such as the bloodstream or the central nervous system. IPD includes conditions such as meningitis, sepsis (bacteremia), and invasive pneumonia. 2

How is pneumococcal disease transmitted?

Pneumococcal disease spreads through direct contact with respiratory secretions, such as saliva or mucus. Children who are not vaccinated are at higher risk of infection, partly because their immune systems are not yet fully developed. 2

What are pneumococcal serotypes?

Pneumococcal serotypes are classified based on differences in the structure of the bacterial capsule. Different serotypes can cause infections ranging from mild to severe, depending on the characteristics of each strain. Although there are over 100 known serotypes, only a subset is responsible for most serious infections.3

References

(1) Shea, K. M., Edelsberg, J., Weycker, D., Farkouh, R. A., Strutton, D. R., & Pelton, S. I. (2014, March). Rates of pneumococcal disease in adults with chronic medical conditions. In Open forum infectious diseases (Vol. 1, No. 1, p. ofu024). Oxford University Press.
(2) CDC tại https://www.cdc.gov/pneumococcal/signs-symptoms/index.html. Truy cập 30/3/25.
(3) CDC tại https://www.cdc.gov/pneumococcal/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html. Truy cập 30/3/25
(4) CDC tại https://www.cdc.gov/pinkbook/hcp/table-of-contents/chapter-17-pneumococcal-disease.html. Truy cập 30/3/25
(5) Colice, G. L., Morley, M. A., Asche, C., & Birnbaum, H. G. (2004). Treatment costs of community-acquired pneumonia in an employed population. Chest, 125(6), 2140-2145.
(6) Weycker, D., Farkouh, R. A., Strutton, D. R., Edelsberg, J., Shea, K. M., & Pelton, S. I. (2016). Rates and costs of invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumonia in persons with underlying medical conditions. BMC health services research, 16, 1-10.

(7) Mulholland, K. (1999). Strategies for the control of pneumococcal diseases. Vaccine, 17, S79-S84.
(8) CDC tại https://www.cdc.gov/pneumococcal/vaccines/index.html. Truy cập 30/3/25
(9) Bacteremic Pneumonia in Neutropenic
Patients With Cancer. Causes, Empirical Antibiotic Therapy, and Outcome Jordi Carratala, MD, PhD; Beatriz Roson, MD; Alberto Ferna´ ndez-Sevilla, MD, PhD;
Fernando Alcaide, MD; Francesc Gudiol, MD, PhD.
(10) Risk factors and pathogenic significance of bacteremic pneumonia in adult patients with community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia Cheol-In Kang a,l , Jae-Hoon Song a,b,l, *, So Hyun Kim b , Doo Ryeon Chung a,l , Kyong Ran Peck a,l , Visanu Thamlikitkul c,l , Hui Wang d,k,l , Thomas Man-kit So e,l,n , Po-Ren Hsueh f,l , Rohani Md. Yasin g,l , Celia C. Carlos h,l , Pham Hung Van i,l ,Jennifer Perera j,l

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